There are two orders. The first was signed in March 2025 and went after mail ballots that arrive after Election Day; the second, Executive Order 14399, was signed on March 31, 2026 and is the one in court. One federal judge in Boston blocked its key pieces twice, first on June 25 in a ruling covering 23 states and D.C., then with a nationwide injunction on August 11 that barred the Postal Service from restricting absentee voting. An injunction is a court order telling the government not to do the thing while the case runs. On June 29 the Supreme Court separately upheld, 5 to 4, state laws that count mail ballots postmarked by Election Day and received after it, in a case called Watson v. Republican National Committee.
On July 27 the administration asked the Supreme Court to let the restrictions take effect for this election anyway. The Postal Service’s rule carrying out the order took effect on August 21 and was printed in the Federal Register five days later. On August 24 the Court granted that request in part: it lifted the June 25 injunction, the one covering the 23 states and D.C., ruling only that those states had sued before any rule existed to injure them and saying expressly that this does not make what the government does next lawful. Two days after that the same judge lifted her own August 11 injunction, which left nothing standing against the finished rule. States and voting rights groups sued over the rule itself within hours, and on August 27 she granted a fourteen-day restraining order that stops the Postal Service from enforcing it for any election held on or before November 3. The Justice Department filed its appeal on August 28, she refused to pause her own order on August 31, and the government asked the federal appeals court in Boston to lift it the same day. That court has not ruled, and nothing new has been filed at the Supreme Court since August 24. Election lawyers on both sides of the case doubt the order could actually be run for November, because the machinery it asks states and the Postal Service to build does not exist yet.